3^rd International Conference on Chemical Engineering October 2-4, 2017
Chicago, Illinois ,USA

Anna Kapranova is the Head of Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials at Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia.

Statement of the Problem: The efficiency of the control equipment for the transportation of fluid flows depends on the degree of protection of the valve from the undesirable effects of cavitation phenomenon. Th e study of the formation of cavitation bubbles at the initial stage of hydrodynamic cavitation in a fl owing part of the control valve allows identify from a set of its constructive regime parameters to identify the main factors influencing the evolution of bubbles. Despite the existence of various deterministic and stochastic descriptions of this process, the modeling problem is relevant. Th e purpose of this study is to determine the integral characteristics of the process of formation of cavitation bubbles when operating the control valve. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: On the basis of the stochastic approach, the model of formation of cavitation bubbles proposed by the authors is used. Th e application of the formalism of process Ornstein-Uhlenbeck with the description of stochastic energy of a spherical bubble depending on its radius and the velocity of the center of mass allows using the differential distribution function of the cavitation bubbles according to their sizes for the estimation of the integral characteristics of the process. Findings: Th e simulation results allow to evaluate average values for the radius of the cavitation bubble, surface area of bubble and to estimate the volume of a cavity in the initial stage of hydrodynamic cavitation, depending on constructive-regime parameters of fl ow area control valve. Conclusion & Signifi cance: Modeling the initial stage hydrodynamic cavitation can be performed from the positions of the stationary and homogeneous Markov process. The results obtained here can be used in the formation of methods of engineering calculations of control valves.

Anna Kapranova is the Head of Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials at Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russia.

Statement of the Problem: Th e process of mixing of bulk components is one of the main stages of their processing. Obtaining quality mixtures of bulk materials with unequal content of their volume fractions is actual problem for a variety of industries. Portion method of mixing of bulk components can be successfully implemented in the apparatus of gravity type using the additional mixing drums with a spiral coiling of brush elements. Th e study of mechanics of behavior of the rarefied flows of mixed materials in the working volume of the device of gravity type can be performed on the basis of stochastic approach. Th e purpose of this study is the research of the volume fraction of key component in the second phase of the portion mixing by means of the device of gravity type. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: On the basis of the stochastic approach, the model of spreading of particles of bulk materials aft er interaction with brush elements is proposed as well as method of evaluating the volume fraction of a key component after the shock dispersion of the bulk components at the initial stage of batch mix. Findings: Th e results of stochastic modeling in the form of sets of non-equilibrium distribution functions for the number of particles of each of the granular material depending on the corners of their spreading aft er impact on inclined fl at bump-stop allow revealing the conditions for obtaining the most homogeneous mixture at the second stage of the batch mixing. Conclusion & Significance: Th e results obtained depend on constructive-regime parameters of apparatus of gravity type,physicomechanical properties of mixed materials. Results could be used as the basis for development of an evaluation method for the degree of homogeneity of the granular mixture in the engineering method of calculation of specified device parameters.

Md. Obaidullah has completed his BS in International University of Business Agriculture and Technology and he currently doing research regarding electrochemical CO2 conversion.

Statement of the Problem: Growing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission through human activities using fossil fuels has been great concern all over the world. CO2 emissions from existing infrastructures can be efficiently suppressed with carbon capture and sequestration, but it is not permanent solution. Rather, conversion of CO2 into some useful chemicals would be the better way for CO2 mitigation. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 has been identifi ed as a viable technique that could recycle the CO2 to reduced forms and store it in the form of chemical bond energy. Th e technology is highly desirable as it generates carbon neutral fuels for portable applications which could replace those driven by fossil fuels maintaining an environmental stability. Previous researches have shown the discovery of co-catalyst systems with diff erent noble metals such as Ag and ionic liquids such as EMIM-BF4, which have opened up several avenues for electrochemical reduction of CO2. Methodology & Th eoretical Orientation: An electrochemical fl ow cell having a fuel-cell like structure has been designed and fabricated for electrochemical reduction of CO2. MoS2, one of common Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) materials,inexpensive and earth-abundant element was employed as electro-catalysts along with ionic liquid (EMIM-BF4) for conversion of CO2 into energy rich intermediates. Th e fl ow passage was carved on graphite plates and the catalyst was directly doped on the passage. The total active area was 10 cm2 for the catalyst to interact with the electrolyte and gas molecules. Findings: Th e data extracted from the Gas Chromatography (GC) clearly showed carbon monoxide and hydrogen being produced as major products that permit the formation of synthetic gas (H2+CO) and consequently be utilized for other development processes. Conclusion & Significance: Th is technology could convert CO2 in a fast, energy and cost effective way which could open doors for CO2 conversion in ambient conditions.

M A Martin-Luengo has studied Chemistry in the Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain. At Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifi cas (CSIC), Spain; she presented her Masters work on Oxidation Catalysts and her PhD on Hydrogenation Catalysts. As a Postdoctoral grant holder of the CSIC she has worked in Brunel University, UK and in the University of Louvain la Neuve, Belgium. She has worked as a Fellowship IA with the Scientifi c Engineering Research Council, UK, on Fischer-Tropsch and from 1992 she is permanent Scientifi c Staff of CSIC, Spain. She has participated in more than 25 research projects, 100 scientifi c papers and chapters of books, 120 congresses and several patents. She is a Chartered Chemist of RSC and Member of ACS and the Spanish Societies of Catalysis and Clays. Presently she carries out studies on sustainable issues, searching for the use of renewable materials, energies and chemical processes, especially giving priority to countries with deprived economies.

The use of agro-industrial wastes is a prime target of utmost importance nowadays, because solutions to environmental pollution problems are crucial to achieving sustainable development and this approach can have a significant contribution towards the so called Renewable Raw Materials (RRM). Th is topic is considered today as one of the main scientific goals at international level, given its social, economic and environmental interest. Using waste to obtain useful materials avoids the expense of others often non-renewable materials, among many other benefits. Research groups are working on the application of the philosophy called cradle to grave in which companies may be able to convert their wastes into useful materials for themselves or others, thus closing a cycle of obvious benefits. Furthermore, the developed processes are based also on avoiding the use of toxic substances to the environment and achieve maximum economy and reduction of energy expenditure, i.e., by using renewable vs. conventional energy demanding ways of activation. Given their origin, the materials derived can be considered Eco materials. Some of the processes that have been implemented in our research group are: (1) Immobilization of enzymes and their use in biocatalytic processes (biodiesel and nutraceuticals production). (2) Renewable biomaterials are being used as matrices for regenerative medicine, based on analysis of their toxicities and their ability as scaff olds for cell growth. (3) Conversion of liquid wastes to fine chemicals and biohydrogen, avoiding the need to use petroleum derivatives. (4) Catalysts for environmental protection and (5) Multivalorization of agri wastes.