International Conference on Chemical Engineering September 12-14, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona , USA

Renewable chemicals are used for enhancing the use of renewable resources rather than fossil fuels. Renewable chemicals include all the chemicals which are produced from renewable feedstock such as microorganisms, biomass (plant, animal, and marine), and agricultural raw materials. Renewable chemicals are used in various applications across different industries such as in food processing, housing, textiles, environment, transportation, hygiene, pharmaceutical, and other applications. Renewable chemicals are primarily available as ketones, alcohols, organic acids, and bio-polymers. They are used in surfactants and lubricants, consumer goods, resins, and plastics for environmental purpose. There are various technologies available which are used for producing renewable chemicals Presently Europe forms the largest market for renewable chemicals, but Asia-Pacific is driving the market growth, and is expected to dominate the renewable chemicals market by 2018. Due to the rise in energy requirements, increase in population, and improving economic conditions in the Asia-Pacific region, the demand for renewable chemicals is expected to grow in this region.

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work . Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, especially physical chemistry, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering. Thermodynamic equilibrium is one of the most important concepts for thermodynamics. A thermodynamic operation usually leads to a thermodynamic process of transfer of mass or energy that changes the state of the system, and the transfer occurs in natural accord with the laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic systems are theoretical constructions used to model physical systems that exchange matter and energy in terms of the laws of thermodynamics. 

In the field of Chemical Engineering  separation process is the transfer of any mass that converts the substance mixture into distinctive product mixtures. “In some cases, a separation may fully divide the mixture into its pure constituents. Separations are carried out based on differences in chemical properties, or physical properties such as size, shape, mass, density, or chemical affinity, between the constituents of a mixture, and are often classified according to the particular differences they use to achieve separation”.

Polymerization is the process of combining many small molecules known as monomers into a covalently bonded chain or network. During the polymerization process, some chemical groups may be lost from each monomer. Monomers are terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol Laboratory synthetic method are step-growth polymerization and chain-growth polymerization. The essential difference between the two is that in chain growth polymerization, monomers are added to the chain one at a time only, such as in polyethylene, whereas in step-growth polymerization chains of monomers may combine with one another directly.

Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as corn or sugar cane. The most common petrochemical classes are olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene, toluene and xylene isomers), Synthesis gas. Oil refineries produce olefins and aromatics by fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum fractions. Chemical plants produce olefins by steam cracking of natural gas liquids like ethane and propane. Aromatics are produced by catalytic reforming of naphtha. Olefins are the basis for polymers and oligomers used in plastics, resins, fibers, elastomers, lubricants, and gels. Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is used to make the fertilizer urea and methanol is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. 

The branch of engineering that deals with the technology of large-scale chemical production and the manufacture of products through chemical process. The innovative products of chemistry lead to cutting edge advancements—applied technology in medical devices, aerospace, computing, cars, fuels and more. That’s what chemistry enables technological advancements that drive innovations. As technology advances our nation’s primary chemicals management law must be updated to adapt to scientific advancements and to promote that chemical products are safe for intended use. Chemistry in Nanotechnology has many diverse applications, some of which include delivering drugs to specific cells, repairing damaged human tissue, improving efficiency of solar energy production and enabling lighter, higher performance plastics for aerospace, construction and vehicles. Chemistry in the Space Age Aerospace needs the products of chemistry such as plastic space suits that can withstand 600 degree (Fahrenheit) temperature ranges. Chemistry in Computing Widespread use of touch screens, enabled by plastics, adhesives and other products of chemistry are employed on cell phones, PDAs, computer screens.

An electrochemical process is a chemical reaction that is caused by the movement of electrical current. These processes are a type of oxidation-reduction reaction in which one atom or molecule loses an electron to another atom or molecule. In electrochemical reactions, the atoms or molecules in the reaction are relatively far apart from each other compared to other reactions, forcing the electrons being transferred to travel a greater distance and thereby produce an electrical current. Many natural phenomena are based on electrochemical processes, such as the corrosion of metals, the ability of some sea creatures to generate electrical fields, and the workings of the nervous systems of humans and other animals. They also play an important role in modern technology, most prominently in the storage of electrical power in batteries, and the electrochemical process called electrolysis is important in modern industry. Neurons use electrochemical processes to transmit information through the nervous system, allowing the nervous system to communicate with itself and with the rest of the body. Electric batteries use electrochemical processes to store and release electricity.

Biochemical engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that mainly deals with the design and construction of unit processes that involve biological organisms or molecules, such as bioreactors. Its applications are in the petrochemical industry, food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and water treatment industries. A bioreactor may also refer to a device meant to grow cells or tissues in the context of cell culture. These devices are being developed for use in tissue engineering or biochemical engineering. Types of Bioreactors are Photobioreactor, Sewage treatment, Up and Down agitation bioreactor, NASA tissue cloning bioreactor, Moss bioreactor.

The chemical industry is one of the fastest growing segments in manufacturing industry. Chemicals broadly include bulk petrochemicals and intermediates, minerals, polymers, other derivatives, etc. The industry has been undergoing important structural changes in the recent years, such as new developing markets, change in manufacturing locations, superior technologies, and rising raw material cost. The key challenges for the industry are government regulations, carbon-emission policies, and economies of scale. Transparency Market Research provides reports on sealants, adhesives, explosives, general chemicals, agro-chemicals, specialty chemicals, petrochemicals, renewable chemicals paints and coatings, colorants, biodegradable plastic, and other chemicals.

Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behaviour of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds (carbon based compounds) which are the subjects of organic chemistry. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture. Many inorganic compounds are ionic compounds, consisting of cations and anions joined by ionic bonding. Important classes of inorganic salts are the oxides, the carbonates, the sulfates and the halides. Many inorganic compounds are characterized by high melting points. Inorganic salts typically are poor conductors in the solid state. Inorganic compounds are found in nature as minerals. The simplest inorganic reaction is double displacement when in mixing of two salts the ions are swapped without a change in oxidation state. In redox reactions one reactant, the oxidant, lowers its oxidation state and another reactant, the reductant, has its oxidation state increased. Different classifications are : Coordination compounds , Main group compounds , Transition metal compounds , Organometallic compounds , Cluster compounds , Bioinorganic compounds , Solid state compounds.

Crystallization is a separation process, widely applied in the  chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The principle of crystallization is based on the limited solubility of a compound in a solvent at a certain temperature, pressure, etc. A change of these conditions to a state where the solubility is lower will lead to the formation of a crystalline solid. On the other hand, demands for consistent product quality (purity, crystal size, etc.) are ever increasing, thus creating a large interest in crystallization research. The simultaneous formation and purification of a solid product makes crystallization an important operation in the process industry.